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1 From the Department of Ophthalmology, and the 2 Center for Research and Education, Osaka University Medical School, Japan.
PURPOSE. TGF-ßs regulate cell proliferation and differentiation, and they play important roles in maintenance of corneal epithelium. However, the precise function of TGF-ßs in the corneal epithelium remains unclear. In this study, cDNA expression array technology was used to demonstrate the effect of TGF-ß1 on the simultaneous expression of a large number of genes in cultured human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs). The change in protein level expression of the specific genes influenced by TGF-ß1 was also investigated.
METHODS. Human cDNA expression array technology was used to study the simultaneous expression of 1176 specific cellular genes in HCECs incubated with TGF-ß1 (10 ng/ml). Moreover, gene-specific semiquantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to confirm the gene expression pattern measured by the cDNA expression array. Western blot analysis was used to examine protein expression of the specific genes in the presence or absence of TGF-ß1.
RESULTS. TGF-ß1 significantly upregulated the expression of 19 genes and
significantly downregulated ras-related protein, caspase10, and
ß4-integrin in the treated HCECs. The expression of 277 genes
including 
3-integrin, PAI-2, transferrin receptor, and cyclin-D1 was
studied. Semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis confirmed the
TGF-ß1–mediated changes in expression patterns of these genes.
Furthermore, Western blot analysis revealed that TGF-ß1 remarkably
decreased PAI-2, transferrin receptor, and integrin 3, and increased
caspase10 on the protein level.
CONCLUSIONS. TGF-ß1 regulates the expression of specific types of genes in HCECs. These results strongly suggest that TGF-ß1 is critically involved in the maintenance of the corneal epithelium through the control of a network of various signal-transduction pathways.
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