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Lutein and Zeaxanthin and the Risk of Cataract: The Melbourne Visual Impairment Project

¹From the Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Australia; the ²Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, Australia; and the ³Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, Wisconsin.

PURPOSE. To evaluate the association of cortical, nuclear, or posterior subcapsular (PSC) cataract with dietary intake of lutein-zeaxanthin (LZ) in a population-based sample.

METHODS. For the study, 3271 (83% of the eligible residents) permanent residents aged 40 years were recruited in 1992 to 1994 via a cluster random sampling. In 1997 to 1999, 2594 (79%) attended the follow-up examination including lens photography, a life-style questionnaire, and a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Cases were those with cortical opacity 4/16, nuclear opacity grade 2.0, or PSC opacity 1 mm². Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios for cataract by daily LZ intake, or its quintile indicator with the lowest quintile as the baseline category, controlling for energy-adjusted fat intake and variables previously found to be associated with the cataract outcomes.

RESULTS. Of the 2322 participants who attended the follow-up survey and completed the FFQ, 1841 (79%), 1955 (84%), and 1950 (84%) were included in the analyses of cortical, nuclear, and PSC cataract, respectively. There were 182 (9.9%), 387 (19.8%), and 177 (9.1%) cases for cortical, nuclear, and PSC cataract, respectively. Cortical and PSC cataract were not significantly associated with LZ intake. For nuclear cataract the odds ratios were 0.67 (0.46–0.96) and 0.60 (0.40–0.90) for every 1-mg increase in crude and energy-adjusted daily LZ intake, respectively. The odds ratios (95% CI) for those in the top quintile of crude LZ intake was 0.58 (0.37–0.92; P = 0.023 for trend), and it was 0.64 (0.40–1.03) for energy adjusted LZ intake (P = 0.018 for trend).

CONCLUSIONS. This study found an inverse association between high dietary LZ intake and prevalence of nuclear cataract.

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