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Multiplex Bead Analysis of Vitreous Humor of Patients with Vitreoretinal Disorders

¹From the Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Division of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; and the ²Vitreo-retinal Unit, City Hospital, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals, National Health Service Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom.

PURPOSE. Vitreoretinal disorders are frequently characterized by increased vitreous levels of cellular mediators, including cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. The study was conducted to investigate whether multiplex bead analysis could identify disease-specific profiles of these mediators in a variety of vitreoretinal diseases.

METHODS. Levels of 19 mediators were measured: the cytokines IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, TNF, IFN-, granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and granulocyte-stimulating factor (G-CSF); the chemokines CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL11, and CXCL8; and the growth factors epidermal growth factor (EGF), FGF, and VEGF, by using multiplex bead analysis of vitreous humor of 58 eyes undergoing vitrectomy for a variety of vitreoretinal disorders.

RESULTS. The predominant mediators detected were IL-6, CXCL8, and CCL2. The most complex pattern of mediators was seen in patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and included a mixture of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Patients with chronic uveitis showed a limited mediator pattern that did not suggest either a Th1 or Th2 response. By comparison, patients with lens-induced uveitis (LIU) showed significantly greater levels of cytokines than did patients with chronic uveitis, including IFN- and IL-12, with a trend toward an acute Th1 inflammatory response. Moreover, in samples from patients with LIU, CXCL8 inversely correlated with time after initial surgery and duration of treatment.

CONCLUSIONS. Multiplex bead analysis allows the measurement of multiple mediators from a single vitreous sample. The data confirm patterns of mediators previously described in different vitreoretinal conditions. In addition, LIU mediator levels correlate with duration of treatment and time after cataract surgery.

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