IOVS Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
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(Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 2007;48:4002-4006.)
© 2007 by The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc.
DOI:  10.1167/iovs.06-1388
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Heritability and Familial Aggregation of Refractive Error in the Old Order Amish

Jon A. Peet,1 Mary-Frances Cotch,2 Robert Wojciechowski,3,4 Joan E. Bailey-Wilson,3 and Dwight Stambolian1

1From the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; the 2Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; the 3National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland; and the 4Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.

PURPOSE. To determine the heritability of refractive error and familial aggregation of myopia and hyperopia in an elderly Old Order Amish (OOA) population.

METHODS. Nine hundred sixty-seven siblings (mean age, 64.2 years) in 269 families were recruited for the Amish Eye Study in the Lancaster County area of Pennsylvania. Refractive error was determined by noncycloplegic manifest refraction. Heritability of refractive error was estimated with multivariate linear regression as twice the residual sibling–sibling correlation after adjustment for age and gender. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the sibling recurrence odds ratio (ORs). Myopia and hyperopia were defined with five different thresholds.

RESULTS. The age- and gender-adjusted heritability of refractive error was 70% (95% CI: 48%–92%) in the OOA. Age and gender-adjusted ORs and sibling recurrence risk ({lambda}s), with different thresholds defining myopia ranged from 3.03 (95% CI: 1.58–5.80) to 7.02 (95% CI: 3.41–14.46) and from 2.36 (95% CI: 1.65–3.19) to 5.61 (95% CI: 3.06–9.34). Age and gender-adjusted ORs and {lambda}s for different thresholds of hyperopia ranged from 2.31 (95% CI: 1.56–3.42) to 2.94 (95% CI: 2.04–4.22) and from 1.33 (95% CI: 1.22–1.43) to 1.85 (95% CI: 1.18–2.78), respectively. Women were significantly more likely than men to have hyperopia. There was no significant gender difference in the risk of myopia.

CONCLUSIONS. In the OOA, refractive error is highly heritable. Hyperopia and myopia aggregate strongly in OOA families.






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Copyright © 2007 by the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology