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Originally published In Press as doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1896 on April 30, 2008
 (Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 2008;49:3707-3714.)
© 2008 by The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc.
DOI:  10.1167/iovs.08-1896
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Autoimmune Optic Neuritis in the Common Marmoset Monkey: Comparison of Visual Evoked Potentials with MRI and Histopathology

Ricarda Diem,1 Iris Demmer,2 Susann Boretius,3 Doron Merkler,4 Barthel Schmelting,5 Sarah K. Williams,1 Muriel B. Sättler,2 Mathias Bähr,2,6 Thomas Michaelis,3 Jens Frahm,3 Wolfgang Brück,4,6 and Eberhard Fuchs2,5,6

1From the Neurologische Klinik der Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany; 2Abteilung Neurologie and 4Abteilung Neuropathologie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; 3Biomedizinische NMR Forschungs GmbH am Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany; 5Klinische Neurobiologie, Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Göttingen, Germany; and 6Institut für Multiple-Sklerose-Forschung, Universitätsmedizin der Georg-August-Universität und Gemeinnützige Hertie-Stiftung, Göttingen, Germany.

PURPOSE. To assess the use of visual evoked potentials (VEPs) for the in vivo detection of impaired visual function in a marmoset model of multiple sclerosis. The sensitivity of the VEP recordings was determined by comparison with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histopathology.

METHODS. Baseline VEPs were recorded in six healthy marmoset monkeys in response to light-flash stimulation. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in four of the six monkeys. Clinical scores were assessed daily, and VEPs were recorded every second week. In vivo MRI and subsequent histopathology of the brains and optic nerves were performed at the end of the study.

RESULTS. After induction of EAE, all four marmosets exhibited clinical signs between day 26 and 38 after immunization. VEPs were normal during the induction phase of the disease, but deteriorated in amplitude with the occurrence of clinical symptoms in all animals. MRI revealed bilateral optic neuritis and signal alterations in the optic tracts and occipital subcortical white matter in two of the animals. In the remaining two animals, MRI detected signal alterations in the occipital subcortical white matter. Histopathologic results were concordant with the MRI findings.

CONCLUSIONS. VEPs are an easily accessible noninvasive tool for measuring visual function and diagnosing impairment of the visual pathway in a marmoset EAE model.






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